DSpace 9

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 7

Recent Submissions

Identification and Quantification of Microplastic in a Tropical River System
(2024-05-01) Aryan Singh
Abstract Microplastics (MPs), particles smaller than 5 mm resulting from the breakdown of plastic, pose a significant environmental threat, particularly in water bodies. This study focuses on the Bharathappuzha River in Kerala, India, to understand the transport of MPs within the river system. The objectives were to identify microplastic types and abundance, trace their origins, and analyse factors influencing their distribution from source areas to downstream locations. Advance techniques including Fluorescence Microscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Grain Size Analysis were employed to analyse river water samples from 52 locations along the 209 km river course. Results revealed an average of 62 MP particles/lt of water and 2197 particles/kg of sediment, primarily comprising pellet granule beads (PGBs) shapes (83% in water, 77% in sediment). Sediment analysis indicated clay-sized particles were prevalent, consistent with typical deposition patterns. High levels of metals such as Ni and Cd detected via ICP-MS, might be considered potential sources including agricultural runoff containing fertilizers, pesticides, and quarry practices. This study provides crucial insights into microplastic pollution in a significant tropical river ecosystem like Bharathappuzha, highlighting the imperative for targeted measures to mitigate microplastic inputs from industrial, agricultural, and waste management sources along the river trajectory.
Characterzation of stem-like cells produced after treatment of mouse fibroblast cells with cell-chromatin particles isolated from human serum
(2024-05-01) Rohit Kuamr
Abstract Reprogramming somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells has revolutionized our understanding of cellular plasticity and holds immense promise for regenerative medicine. Traditional reprogramming methods typically involve the use of viral vectors, such as lentiviruses, to deliver a specific set of transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, Nanog) or microRNAs (miR302/367) into the target cells. However, these methods raise safety concerns due to the risk of insertional mutagenesis, where the viral vector randomly integrates its genetic material into the host cell genome. This study presents a novel approach for reprogramming somatic cells without using viral vectors. We have demonstrated that cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs) isolated from the sera of healthy volunteers and cancer patients can horizontally transfer into NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells and impart stemness. These reprogrammed cells exhibit characteristics similar to those generated by traditional methods, including upregulated stem cell transcription factors and spheroid formation. Additionally, they exhibit pluripotency in vivo, as evidenced by teratoma formation in SCID mice with markers of both mesoderm and ectoderm layers. This research paves the way for a potentially safer and more readily available method for cell reprogramming, opening new avenues for regenerative medicine and stem cell-based therapies.
Are Women Empowered Through Participation in Development Projects?
(2024-05) Shagun Sandal
Abstract This thesis investigates the intersection of women's empowerment and participation in the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) program in rural India. Using qualitative research methods, including interviews and field observations, the study investigates how women participate in MGNREGA activities and how much of their participation leads to empowerment. The research outlines the economic, social, and political components of empowerment and examines the factors that promote or hinder women's empowerment in the framework of MGNREGA. The results indicate that even if NREGA offers opportunities for social participation and economic independence, structural barriers including gender discrimination and a lack of decision-making authority still prevent women from achieving full empowerment. The study emphasizes how critical it is to address these issues in order to improve the efficacy of MGNREGA in promoting women's empowerment and advancing gender equality in rural India
Control of vesicular trafficking of the glucose tranporter Ghat5 by the deubiquitinating enzyme Ubp5 in Schizosachharomyces pombe
(2024-05-01) Arita Halder
Abstract Deubiquitination trims off covalently conjugated ubiquitin either from covalently conjugated mono- and poly-ubiquitinated substrates. This process is carried out by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) working in cytoplasm and nucleus and also at different organelles. Golgi is a well-characterized protein sorting hub that sorts cargoes to the plasma membrane as well as to the vacuoles (lysosomes). Ubiquitination serves as a crucial signal for protein quality control at the Golgi apparatus. While various E3 ubiquitin ligases that conjugate ubiquitin to substrates have been studied in this context, the role of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) remains relatively unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the significance of the Golgi-localized DUB Ubp5. As previously reported, we observed an interaction between Ftp105 and Ubp5, and both proteins localize at the Golgi. Disruption of this DUB complex by deleting either of the two proteins resulted in the mislocalisation of the high affinity glucose transporter Ght5 and its subsequent degradation in the vacuole. Schizosaccharomyces pombe contains eight hexose transporters through which glucose, fructose and their derivatives are transported inside the cell 1. Out of these eight transporters, Ght5 is necessary for cell survival in glucose starvation. By monitoring Ght5 localisation and protein level in different mutant backgrounds, we found the degradation of Ght5 during glucose starvation takes place via the MVB (Multivesicular body) pathway. In addition, we observed that the turnover of Ght5 becomes slower after prolonged starvation. Our study shows that the regulation of this glucose transporters in the fission yeast is reminiscent of glucose uptake in the human skeletal muscles. This knowledge will strengthen our understanding about the glucose starvation response in human cells which may be helpful to find the cure for many diseases like Diabetes and Cancer.
To characterize interaction between RUN and FYVE domain containing protein (RUFY1) and dynein-dynaction complex
(2024-05-01) Gugulothu Maheshwari
Abstract RUN and FVYE domain containing protein (RUFY1), recently reported as a regulator of Cation Independent Mannose 6 Phosphate Receptor (CI-M6PR) cargo sorting from recycling endosomes to Trans Golgi Network (TGN) which interacts with the Arl8b an Arf like GTP binding protein through their RUN domain and also interacts with the small GTP binding protein Rab14 through their Coiled-Coiled domain 3(CC3). It was known that RUFY1 interacts with the Light Intermediate Chain 1 (LIC1) of dynein-dynactin complex similar to a subset of activating dynein adaptors, which is important for CI-M6PR cargo retrieval from endosome to TGN. We used AlphaFold Colab to identify interacting residues between RUFY1 and LIC1 and also identified conserved residues between RUFY1 and other activating adaptors like BICD2, TRAK2 and HAP1 using protein sequence alignment. The present study helps in understanding the localization of these RUFY1 mutants and elucidating the significance of these mutants in binding with LIC1 subunit of dynein.