Metagenomic approach to explore microbial diversity and genetic potential of uncultured microorganisms from different environment niches.

Abstract

The term metagenomics refers to genomic analysis of those microorganisms, which are difficult to cultivate in standard cultivation medium. The 16S rRNA study from various environments has provided a strong evidence for the existence of uncultured microorganism. The novel genes and gene products discovered by metagenomic approach include many hydrolytic enzymes, novel molecules and antimicrobial compounds. Furthermore, metagenomic studies from various extreme environments shed light into genomic diversity and existence of various co-operations among the microorganisms. This review discusses the concepts, basic tools and applications of metagenomic gene cloning in discovering novel molecules and microbial diversities. In addition to this, this review also highlights the impact of uncultured microorganisms on human health and environment.